Bagaimana cukup mengkonfigurasi kartu jaringan di Debian

Selain kehadiran eye-candy configurators grafis di Linux, dalam banyak situasi itu lebih mudah untuk mengubah file konfigurasi. Ini benar-benar sederhana, dan di bawahnya ditunjukkan bagaimana melakukannya.

Bagaimana untuk melihat pengaturan kartu jaringan saat
Untuk review singkat dari pengaturan jaringan, itu sudah cukup untuk mengetik di command prompt:

# ifconfig
or
sudo ifconfig

And something like this should appear:

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:9387 (9.1 KiB)  TX bytes:9387 (9.1 KiB)
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0A:E4:53:AA:2D
          inet addr:192.168.1.5  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Interrupt:21 Base address:0x2c00
It is evident, that there are two interfaces had been configured: loopback named lo, and conventional Ethernet card eth0.


How to configure network connection in Linux
To do so, you need root privileges and _your_favorite_text_editor, as well as knowledge of which IP address you need to enter.

To find out which network interface need to be configured, type:

dmesg | grep -i Eth

and next strings should appear:

8139too Fast Ethernet driver 0.9.28
eth0: RealTek RTL8139 at 0xdf822c00, 00:15:f2:51:ad:da, IRQ 21
eth0: Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8101'

It looks like it is eth0 (because ethernet, 0 - zero device, pretty logical). Here and below it is assumed that interface is eth0


Configuring Linux network with static IP
Just edit the file:

# nano /etc/network/interfaces
or
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

For your local network static IPs are surely enough. In particular, for static IP networking you need to enter: IP-address, netmask and gateway. Change  /etc/network/interfaces to something like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.5
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1

In this example, IP-address 192.168.1.5 is set.


Configuring Linux network with dynamic IP addresses
Continue to edit network config:

# nano /etc/network/interfaces
or
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

It is simpler here:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Similarly, network interface can be configured via command line:

#dhcpcd eth0

For this, you should install in Debian aptitude install dhcp3-client.


Configuring DNS nameserver in LinuxIf you don't configure DNS, you cannot connect to any Internet resource by it's name. But it's very simple to tweak it: just edit or create file /etc/resolv.conf

# nano /etc/resolv.conf
or
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

And type addresses like this:

nameserver   192.168.1.1
nameserver   192.168.2.1

as much as it is need. The word nameserver is required. It is curious, but in fresh Debian installation there is no resolv.conf...


For changes to take place immediately...... one can reboot the system, or type:

# /etc/init.d/networking restart 
or
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart 

That's all, changes will be applied for all network interfaces.